✨Bộ Cá cháo biển
Bộ Cá cháo biển (danh pháp khoa học: Elopiformes) là một bộ cá vây tia, bao gồm cá cháo biển và cá cháo lớn, cũng như một số nhánh cá tuyệt chủng. Bộ này có niên đại hóa cổ và kéo dài, và có thể dễ dàng được phân biệt với những nhóm cá khác ở sự hiện diện của những xương bổ sung quanh họng.
Về di truyền tiến hóa, chúng có quan hệ họ hàng gần với bộ Cá chình, dù cá trưởng thành có bề ngoài khá giống với cá trích. Tuy nhiên, cá non là dạng ấu trùng leptocephalus, và trông rất giống với cá chình non. Họ †Anaethaliidae Gaudant 1968 [Anaethalionidae Gaudant 1967] ** Chi †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987 Chi †Anaethalion White 1938 [Aethalion von Münster 1842 non Lepeletier & Serville 1828] * Chi †Holcolepis von der Marck 1868 [Macrolepis von der Marck 1863 non Rafinesque 1815; Rhabdolepis von der Marck 1863 non Troschel 1857; Petalolepis Geints 1868] Phân bộ Elopoidei* Chi †Antofagastaichthys Arratia 1986 Chi †Arratiaelops Taverne 1999 Chi †Coryphaenopsis Frič & Bayer 1902 Chi †Ctenodentelops Forey et al. 2003 Chi †Echinelops Murray & Hoşgör 2012 Chi †Ectasis Jordan & Gilbert 1919 Chi †Elopidarum Chi †Elopsomolos Arratia 2000 Chi †Eurygnathus Agassiz 1845 non Blackburn 1888 non Davis 1887 non Wollaston 1854 [Esocelops Woodward 1901] Chi †Goulmimichthys Cavin 1995 Chi †Hypsospondylus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885 Chi †Irenichthys Jakovlev 1968 Chi †Laminospondylus Springer 1957 Chi †Tingitanichthys Taverne 1996 Chi †Paraelops Silva Santos 1971 Chi †Ichthyemidion Poyato-Ariza 1995 Họ †Protelopidae de Saint Seine 1949 Chi †Eoprotelops Saint-Seine 1949 Chi †Protelops Laube 1885 * Họ Elopidae Bonaparte 1832/Valenciennes 1847 (cá cháo biển) Chi †Flindersichthys Longman 1932 Chi †Histialosa Gervais 1855 Chi †Lyrolepis Romanowski 1886 non Rechiger 1943 Chi †Nardoelops Taverne & Capasso 2012 Chi †Opisthopteryx Pictet & Humbert 1866 Chi †Palelops Applegate 1970 Chi †Parasyllaemus Chi †Sauropsidium Costa 1850 [Hyptius Costa 1864] Chi †Thrissopteroides von der Marck 1873 Chi †Davichthys Forey 1973 Chi †Naiathaelon Poyato-Ariza & Wenz 1994 Chi Elops Linnaeus 1766 non Bonaparte 1831 non Commerson ex Lacépède 1801 [Helops Müller 1835 non Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833 non Agassiz 1846 non Browne 1789; Ellops Minding 1832 non Gistel 1848; Alloelops (Nybelin 1979); Elops (Alloelops) Nybelin 1979; Elops (Gularus) Whitley 1940; Gularus (Whitley 1940); Mugilomorus Lacépède 1803; Trichonotus Rafinesque 1815 non Bloch & S Schneider 1801; Harengus Catesby 1771 non Geoffroy 1767 non Klein 1775 ex Walbaum 1792 non De Garsault 1764] (7 loài, 1 trong số này được mô tả năm 2010) * Họ Megalopidae Jordan 1882 (cá cháo lớn) Chi †Elopoides Wenz 1965 Chi †Paratarpon Bardack 1970 Chi †Promegalops Casier 1966 Chi †Protarpon Forey 1973 Chi †Sedenhorstia White & MoyThomas 1941 [Microcoelia Marck 1863 non Guenee 1852 non Lindley 1830 non Agardh 1876] Chi †Starrias Jordan 1925 **** Chi Megalops Lacépède 1803 [Amia Browne 1756 ex Browne 1789 non Gronow 1763 ex Gray 1854 non Meuschen 1781 non Linnaeus 1766; Brisbania de Castelnau 1878; Cyprinodon Hamilton 1822 non Lacépède 1803; Oculeus Commerson ex Lacépède 1803; Tarpon Jordan & Evermann 1896] (2 loài)
Niên đại các chi
Period = from:-251 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-251 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-251 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
Colors =
legends
id:CAR value:claret
id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
id:HER value:teal
id:HAD value:green
id:OMN value:blue
id:black value:black
id:white value:white
id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
id:triassic value:rgb(0.51,0.17,0.57)
id:earlytriassic value:rgb(0.6,0.22,0.61)
id:middletriassic value:rgb(0.73,0.53,0.71)
id:latetriassic value:rgb(0.78,0.65,0.8)
id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79)
id:earlyjurassic value:rgb(0,0.69,0.89)
id:middlejurassic value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91)
id:latejurassic value:rgb(0.74,0.89,0.97)
id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31)
id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65)
id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37)
id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22
bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4)
bar:periodtop
from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:Sớm
from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:Giữa
from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:Muộn
from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:Sớm
from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:Giữa
from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text:Muộn
from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Sớm
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Muộn
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo.
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo.
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo.
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio.
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop
from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:Trias
from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:Jura
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Creta
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogen
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogen
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:latejurassic bar:NAM1 from: -161.2 till: -155.7 text: Antofastaichthys color:latejurassic bar:NAM2 from: -161.2 till: -155.7 text: Chongichthys color:latejurassic bar:NAM3 from: -152.43 till: -150.8 text: Eoprotelops color:latejurassic bar:NAM4 from: -152.43 till: -138.93 text: Anaethalion color:latejurassic bar:NAM5 from: -150.8 till: -149.03 text: Eichstaettia color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6 from: -115.25 till: -112 text: Notelops color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM7 from: -115.25 till: -70.6 text: Osmeroides color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM8 from: -112 till: -99.6 text: Flindersicthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9 from: -99.6 till: -93.5 text: Carsothrissops color:latecretaceous bar:NAM10 from: -99.6 till: -83.5 text: Davichthys color:latecretaceous bar:NAM11 from: -99.6 till: -65.5 text: Ostariostoma color:latecretaceous bar:NAM12 from: -99.6 till: -97.6 text: Protostomias color:latecretaceous bar:NAM13 from: -99.6 till: -89.3 text: Protelops color:latecretaceous bar:NAM14 from: -93.5 till: -89.3 text: Coryphaenopsis color:latecretaceous bar:NAM15 from: -93.5 till: -70.6 text: Tachynectes color:latecretaceous bar:NAM16 from: -85.8 till: -83.5 text: Opistopteryx color:latecretaceous bar:NAM17 from: -85.8 till: -83.5 text: Pronotacanthus color:latecretaceous bar:NAM18 from: -83.5 till: -70.6 text: Dactylopogon color:eocene bar:NAM19 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text: Esocelops color:eocene bar:NAM20 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Elops color:eocene bar:NAM21 from: -37.2 till: -33.9 text: Lyrolepis color:miocene bar:NAM22 from: -11.608 till: -5.332 text: Ectasis
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period
from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:Sớm
from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:Giữa
from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:Muộn
from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:Sớm
from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:Giữa
from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text:Muộn
from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Sớm
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Muộn
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo.
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo.
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo.
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio.
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era
from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:Trias
from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:Jura
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Creta
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogen
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogen
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
"Megalopiformes"
Period = from:-145.5 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
Colors =
legends
id:CAR value:claret
id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
id:HER value:teal
id:HAD value:green
id:OMN value:blue
id:black value:black
id:white value:white
id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31)
id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65)
id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37)
id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7
bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4)
bar:periodtop
from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Sớm
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Muộn
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo.
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo.
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo.
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio.
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Creta
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogen
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogen
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM1 from: -103.7 till: -99.6 text: Elopoides color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from: -99.6 till: -70.6 text: Sedenhorstia color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from: -83.5 till: -70.6 text: Paratarpon color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text: Protarpon color:eocene bar:NAM5 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text: Promegalops color:miocene bar:NAM6 from: -23.03 till: -5.332 text: Broweria color:miocene bar:NAM7 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Megalops
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period
from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Sớm
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Muộn
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleo.
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eo.
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligo.
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Mio.
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Pl.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pl.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Creta
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogen
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogen
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
1. Chuck: Nạc vai - Màu vàng
2. Brisket: Ức - Xanh lợt
3. Rib: Lườn - Màu nâu
_NASA's Earth Observatory_]] thumbnail|Lòng chảo nội lục: [[biển Aral ở Trung Á]] **Lòng chảo nội lục** còn gọi